-
1 Lithgow, James
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 27 January 1883 Port Glasgow, Renfrewshire, Scotlandd. 23 February 1952 Langbank, Renfrewshire, Scotland[br]Scottish shipbuilder; creator of one of the twentieth century's leading industrial organizations.[br]Lithgow attended Glasgow Academy and then spent a year in Paris. In 1901 he commenced a shipyard apprenticeship with Russell \& Co., where his father, William Lithgow, was sole proprietor. For years Russell's had topped the Clyde tonnage output and more than once had been the world's leading yard. Along with his brother Henry, Lithgow in 1908 was appointed a director, and in a few years he was Chairman and the yard was renamed Lithgows Ltd. By the outbreak of the First World War the Lithgow brothers were recognized as good shipbuilders and astute businessmen. In 1914 he joined the Royal Artillery; he rose to the rank of major and served with distinction, but his skills in administration were recognized and he was recalled home to become Director of Merchant Shipbuilding when British shipping losses due to submarine attack became critical. This appointment set a pattern, with public duties becoming predominant and the day-to-day shipyard business being organized by his brother. During the interwar years, Lithgow served on many councils designed to generate work and expand British commercial interests. His public appointments were legion, but none was as controversial as his directorship of National Shipbuilders Security Ltd, formed to purchase and "sterilize" inefficient shipyards that were hindering recovery from the Depression. To this day opinions are divided on this issue, but it is beyond doubt that Lithgow believed in the task in hand and served unstintingly. During the Second World War he was Controller of Merchant Shipbuilding and Repairs and was one of the few civilians to be on the Board of Admiralty. On the cessation of hostilities, Lithgow devoted time to research boards and to the expansion of the Lithgow Group, which now included the massive Fairfield Shipyard as well as steel, marine engineering and other companies.Throughout his life Lithgow worked for the Territorial Army, but he was also a devoted member of the Church of Scotland. He gave practical support to the lona Community, no doubt influenced by unbounded love of the West Highlands and Islands of Scotland.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMilitary Cross and mentioned in dispatches during the First World War. Baronet 1925. Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire 1945. Commander of the Order of the Orange-Nassau (the Netherlands). CB 1947. Served as the employers' representative on the League of Nations International Labour Conference in the 1930s. President, British Iron and Steel Cofederation 1943.Further ReadingJ.M.Reid, 1964, James Lithgow, Master of Work, London: Hutchinson.FMW -
2 Ports and shipping
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Armstrong, Sir William GeorgeEgerton, FrancisLi GaoPeter the GreatShen GuaStanhope, Charles -
3 Ayre, Sir Amos Lowrey
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 23 July 1885 South Shields, Englandd. 13 January 1952 London, England[br]English shipbuilder and pioneer of the inter-war "economy" freighters; Chairman of the Shipbuilding Conference.[br]Amos Ayre grew up on the Tyne with the stimulus of shipbuilding and seafaring around him. After an apprenticeship as a ship draughtsman and distinction in his studies, he held responsible posts in the shipyards of Belfast and later Dublin. His first dramatic move came in 1909 when he accepted the post of Manager of the new Employment Exchange at Govan, then just outside Glasgow. During the First World War he was in charge of fleet coaling operations on the River Forth, and later was promoted Admiralty District Director for shipyard labour in Scotland.Before the conclusion of hostilities, with his brother Wilfrid (later Sir Wilfrid Ayre) he founded the Burntisland Shipbuilding Company in Fife. Setting up on a green field site allowed the brothers to show innovation in design, production and marketing. Such was their success that the new yard was busy throughout the Depression, building standard ships which incorporated low operating costs with simplicity of construction.Through public service culminating in the 1929 Safety of Life at Sea Conference, Amos Ayre became recognized not only as an eminent naval architect, but also as a skilled negotiator. In 1936 he was invited to become Chairman of the Shipbuilding Conference and thereby virtual leader of the industry. As war approached he planned with meticulous care the rearrangement of national shipbuilding capacity, enabling Britain to produce standard hulls ranging from the legendary TID tugs to the standard freighters built in Sunderland or Port Glasgow. In 1939 he became Director of Merchant Shipbuilding, a position he held until 1944, when with typical foresight he asked to be released to plan for shipbuilding's return to normality.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1937. KBE 1943. Officer of the Order of Orange-Nassau.Bibliography1919, "The theory and design of British shipbuilding", The Syren and Shipping, London.Further ReadingWilfrid Ayre, 1968, A Shipbuilders Yesterdays, Fife (published privately). James Reid, 1964, James Lithgow, Master of Work, London.Maurice E.Denny, 1955, "The man and his work" (First Amos Ayre Lecture), Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects vol. 97.FMW
См. также в других словарях:
Lithgow (surname) — Lithgow is a surname originating from Scottish as a habitational name from Linlithgow, between Edinburgh and Falkirk, which was probably named with British words related to modern Welsh llyn ‘lake’, ‘pool’ + llaith ‘damp’ + cau ‘hollow’.In the… … Wikipedia
James S. Lithgow — James Smith Lithgow (November 29, 1812 February 21, 1902) was the sixteenth Mayor of Louisville, Kentucky from January 2, 1866 to February 14, 1867. He was born in Pittsburgh and apprenticed as a coppersmith there. He moved to Louisville in 1832… … Wikipedia
James Lithgow — is the name of:*James S. Lithgow (1812 1902), Mayor of Louisville, Kentucky; *Sir James Lithgow, 1st Baronet (1883 1952), Scottish industrialist … Wikipedia
James Earl Jones — in a 2010 photo. Born January 17, 1931 (1931 01 17) (age 80) Arkabutla, Mississippi, United States … Wikipedia
James Whitmore — Born James Allen Whitmore, Jr. October 1, 1921(1921 10 01) White Plains, New York, U.S. Died … Wikipedia
Lithgow Baronets — The Lithgow Baronetcy, of Ormsary in the County of Argyll, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 1 July 1925 for the Scottish shipbuilder James Lithgow. As of 2007 the title is held by his son, the second Baronet,… … Wikipedia
James Dooley (Australian politician) — Infobox Officeholder honorific prefix = name = James Dooley honorific suffix = imagesize = small caption = order = 21st office = Premier of New South Wales term start = October 5, 1921 term end = December 20, 1921 deputy = predecessor = John… … Wikipedia
James Rutherford — For the American scientist, see F. James Rutherford James Rutherford (24 October 1827 – 13 September 1911) was a transit pioneer in Australia.Rutherford was born in Erie County, New York, U.S.A.. He arrived at Melbourne in June 1852 and worked on … Wikipedia
James Manos Jr — Dexter (série télévisée) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Dexter. Dexter Titre original Dexter Genre … Wikipédia en Français
Lithgow — Recorded in a wide range of spellings including Lythgoe, Lithgow, Ligoe, Lygoe, Lithcow and Lethcoe, this ancient surname is Scottish. It is a condensed form of Linlithgow, from the royal burgh of the same spelling situated between Edinburgh and… … Surnames reference
William Lithgow (shipbuilder) — William Todd Lithgow (1854–1908) was a Scottish ship designer who became sole owner of an extremely successful shipbuilding company. For much of the 20th century its name was Lithgows , as it was developed further by William s sons Sir James… … Wikipedia
